Intestinal Cancer

Intestinal Cancer | Types, Causes and Treatment

Intestinal cancer refers to any type of cancer that affects the digestive system, specifically the large intestine (colon) or rectum. This cancer usually starts as a growth called a polyp on the inner lining of the intestine and may eventually develop into cancer over time. There are two main types of intestinal cancer: colon cancer and rectal cancer.

Symptoms of intestinal cancer may include changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain or cramping, blood in the stool, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. Treatment options for intestinal cancer depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Early detection and treatment can increase the chances of survival.

Types of Intestinal Cancer

There are three main types of intestinal cancer, each of which is classified based on the location of cancer within the digestive system.

A. Colon Cancer: Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon, which is the large intestine. It usually begins as a non-cancerous growth called a polyp on the inner lining of the colon, which can eventually turn into cancer. Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it usually affects older individuals.

B. Rectal Cancer: Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine. Like colon cancer, it usually begins as a polyp on the inner lining of the rectum, which can eventually turn into cancer. Rectal cancer is also common in older individuals.

C. Small Intestine Cancer: Small intestine cancer is a rare type of cancer that affects the small intestine, which is the part of the digestive system that connects the stomach to the large intestine. Small intestine cancer can occur in any part of the small intestine, but it is most commonly found in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine.

Overall, the treatment and prognosis of intestinal cancer depend on the location of cancer within the digestive system, as well as the stage and severity of the cancer.

Causes of Intestinal Cancer

A. Age: Intestinal cancer is more common in older individuals, with the risk increasing after the age of 50.

B. Family history and genetics: People with a family history of intestinal cancer or certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), are at higher risk of developing the disease.

C. Diet and lifestyle: Eating a diet high in red meat and processed foods, low in fibre, and lacking in fruits and vegetables can increase the risk of intestinal cancer. A sedentary lifestyle and obesity can also be contributing factors.

D. Smoking and alcohol: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have been linked to an increased risk of intestinal cancer.

It is important to note that while these factors can increase the risk of developing intestinal cancer, not everyone who has these risk factors will develop the disease, and some people with no known risk factors may still develop intestinal cancer.

What are the Symptoms of Intestinal Cancer?

The symptoms of intestinal cancer can vary depending on the location of the cancer within the intestine, as well as the stage of cancer. Some common symptoms of intestinal cancer include:

Abdominal pain or discomfort
Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation
Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
Unexplained weight loss
Anaemia
Fatigue or weakness
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite
Feeling of fullness in the abdomen
Iron deficiency

It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions and are not exclusive to intestinal cancer. However, if any of these symptoms persist, it is important to see a doctor for proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection and treatment of intestinal cancer can improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery.

What is the Diagnosis of Intestinal Cancer?

Diagnosis of intestinal cancer typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and various tests. Some of the common diagnostic tests for intestinal cancer include:

Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon for any abnormalities.

Biopsy: If any abnormal tissue is detected during a colonoscopy, a biopsy may be performed to obtain a sample of the tissue for laboratory analysis.

Blood tests: Blood tests can be done to check for anemia or other abnormalities that may be associated with intestinal cancer.

Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as CT scan, MRI, or PET scan, may be performed to determine the extent of cancer and if it has spread to other parts of the body.

Stool tests: Stool tests can be used to check for blood or other abnormalities in the stool that may indicate intestinal cancer.

It is important to note that a combination of tests may be necessary for an accurate diagnosis of intestinal cancer. If cancer is detected, further tests may be done to determine the stage of cancer, which can help guide treatment decisions.

What are the treatment options for Intestinal Cancer?

The treatment options for intestinal cancer depend on the location, stage, and extent of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health and preferences. Some common treatment options for intestinal cancer include:

Surgery: Surgery is often the first-line treatment for intestinal cancer. Depending on the location and stage of cancer, the surgeon may remove the affected portion of the intestine and nearby lymph nodes. In some cases, a colostomy or ileostomy may be needed to allow waste to leave the body.

Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It may be used before or after surgery, or in combination with chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used alone or in combination with radiation therapy.

Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs that target specific proteins or genes in cancer cells to stop their growth or destroy them.

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy works by stimulating the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Palliative care: Palliative care is supportive care provided to improve the quality of life of patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. It focuses on managing symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and nausea.

The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the stage of cancer, the location, and the overall health of the patient. A multidisciplinary team consisting of oncologists, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals can help determine the best treatment plan for each patient.

Conclusion

Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and increasing the chances of survival. Regular screening tests, such as colonoscopies, can help detect intestinal cancer in its early stages when it is most treatable.

With early detection, effective treatment, and preventative measures, it is possible to successfully manage and even overcome intestinal cancer.

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